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To recover a meteorite from a fireball event, it is essential that recovery teams can be directed to a well-defined search area. Instrumentally observed meteorite falls provide unique opportunities to recover and analyse unweathered planetary samples supplemented with the knowledge on the Solar System orbit they had. A bright meteor, called a fireball, may be a sign of a meteorite fall. When an object enters the atmosphere it may be detected as a meteor. This is a key example to show that fireball-meteorite pairings should be carefully verified. Thus, the retrieval of the "wrong" meteorite is at odds with the contamination statistics. Using an upper limit on the pleistieocene terrain age and the total searched area, we find that the contamination probability from another fall is $<2\%$. However, the meteorite did show some weathering and lacked short-lived radionuclides ($^$C dating was determined the meteorite has been on the Earth's surface for $3.2\pm1.3$ kyr, ruling out it being connected to the 2016 fireball. The meteorite appeared relatively fresh, had a mass consistent with fireball observation predictions, and was at the predicted location within uncertainties. A search was conducted two years after the fall, and a meteorite was found after 6 days of searching. Its pre-atmosphere orbit suggests it was temporarily captured by the Earth-Moon system before impact. On Aug 22, 2016, a bright fireball was observed by the Desert Fireball Network in South Australia. This case also implies that it is very useful to study as many fragments as possible from one fall because there can be significant differences among them. We discovered that the Benesov meteoroid consisted of at least three different types of material -L元.5, H5, and primitive achondrite. This case clearly shows that larger meteoroids can be compositionally very complicated bodies.
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The most important result, however, is the heterogeneity of the recovered meteorites. We proved that in some special cases it is still possible to predict and find meteorites a long time after the fall. This result is pioneering in many aspects. The meteorite is classified as a polymict breccia containing three recognized lithologies with different texture, chemical, and mineralogical composition. Although all fragments are very small and their weathering grade is high (W3 for all pieces), their interior was preserved enough for reliable analysis (except for the smallest one). They were recovered exactly in the predicted impact area for corresponding masses, namely within 40 m from the highest probability line. We found four small highly weathered fragments irregular in form and completely without fusion crust with a total mass of 11.63 g (1.54 g (H5), 7.72 g (with achondritic clast), 1.99 g, 0.38 g (all L元.5)). The reality completely confirmed all our assumptions and surpassed our expectations. We assembled a new consistent picture of the Benesov event, which resulted in a slightly revised impact location and suggested a new strategy that might lead to a recovery of Benesov meteorites after 20 years. We used slightly different methods and new approaches, which we gradually developed to analyze several recent instrumentally observed meteorite falls (Moravka, Neuschwanstein, Jesenice, Bunburra Rockhole, Mason Gully, and Kosice). In spring 2011, just before the twentieth anniversary of this extraordinary case, we remeasured all available all-sky records and reanalyzed the data. Here we solve and explain this old mystery. However, despite high-quality data, favorable trajectory, relatively large terminal mass, and especially great efforts and many attempts, no meteorite was found in the weeks and years after the fall. Detailed analyses of this undoubted meteorite fall were published in several papers, and this is one of the best documented bolides (at least of the superbolide category) ever observed.
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The main motivation for this work was to explain and solve the old mystery connected with the detailed instrumental observation of the Benesov superbolide on over the central part of the Czech Republic.